Which species of ants are most commonly found in Quebec?

Distinguishing between ant speciesisn't just about satisfying curiosity. Each species has its own lifestyle, dietary preferences, and methods of invading our homes. For example, some are content to forage for crumbs in the kitchen, while others burrow into wood and threaten the structure of a building. Understanding their characteristics makes it easier to prevent an infestation or choose the appropriate treatment.

The  carpenter ant is undoubtedly one of the most feared ant species in Quebec. Black in color and measuring between 6 and 13 mm, it is distinguished by its imposing size and powerful mandibles. Contrary to popular belief, it does not eat wood: it excavates it to build its galleries and nests.

Signs of its presence include:

• Wood chips near baseboards or windows.
• Light scratching noises in the walls.
• The presence of ants larger than average circulating in the house.

A carpenter ant nest can quickly grow and cause significant damage to the structure of a home.

Another common ant species, the  pavement ant, is particularly fond of soil, sidewalks, and cracks in paving stones. These brown or black ants, measuring 3 to 4 mm, are easily recognizable by the mounds of granular soil they deposit between stones or at the edge of foundations.

Although they don't destroy wood like carpenter beetles, they can cause aesthetic problems and weaken paved structures. They also venture into houses in search of sugary food.

The  Pharaoh ant is another well-known ant species in Quebec, especially in apartment buildings and heated environments. Tiny (barely 2 mm), yellowish to light brown in color, it often goes unnoticed… until it forms large colonies.

It reproduces rapidly and creates several queens in a single nest, making it difficult to control. It is frequently found in kitchens, pantries, and damp areas. Its ability to infiltrate everywhere makes it particularly difficult to eradicate without professional help.

Other common ant species

In addition to the three main ones, other ant species deserve to be mentioned:

• The house ant : dark brown or black, it gives off an unpleasant odor when crushed. Highly attracted to sugar, it often moves in long, well-organized lines.
• The acrobatic ant : recognizable by its abdomen which it raises when it feels threatened. It is mostly found outdoors, near damp wood.
• The harvester ant : rarer, it transports seeds and plant debris. It is more commonly observed in rural or wooded areas.

These species do not always cause major damage, but they remain a nuisance when they invade a house.

How to differentiate between ant species

To identify ant species, certain criteria must be considered:

• Size : the carpenter ant is the largest, while the pharaoh ant is tiny.
• The color : deep black, brown, yellowish… Each species has its characteristic hues.
• Behavior : some seek sugar, others wood or cracks in the ground.
• The nest : wood shavings, small mounds of sand, infiltration into the walls.

Observing these elements helps to better understand what species we are dealing with.

Preventing an ant invasion

Regardless of the ant species, a few simple steps can limit their appearance:

• Seal cracks and entry points around the house.
• Keep food in airtight containers.
• Clean surfaces regularly to avoid sugary or greasy residues.
• Repair water leaks and reduce humidity.
• Store the firewood away from the house.

These measures reduce the risks, but some infestations require professional intervention.

When should you call in an expert?

If ants appear in large numbers, if they seem to be coming from the walls, or if preventative measures aren't enough, it's time to contact a specialist. At  RD , our technicians are thoroughly familiar with the ant species found in Quebec and know how to adapt their methods to each situation.

Our packages include exterior and interior protection programs, with personalized follow-up and practical advice. We prioritize environmentally friendly approaches while ensuring maximum effectiveness.

Better understanding of ant species allows for a better response.

Quebec has many different species of ants. Some, like the  carpenter ant , pose a serious threat to homes, while others are mainly a nuisance. Distinguishing between them is therefore essential for taking appropriate action.

In September, when their activity is still high, carefully observe the signs: size, color, behavior, and nests. And if you have any doubts or notice a persistent infestation, the RD team  is there to help you regain a healthy and protected home.